Formaldehyde detection
Project introduction
Formaldehyde detection refers to the quantitative detection of formaldehyde in automotive interiors, household materials, building materials, paints, inks, spices and other product materials through specific methods or instruments. Formaldehyde has a strong irritating effect on human skin, causing skin eczema and systemic allergies. The World Health Organization has identified formaldehyde as a class of carcinogens.

New cars have more accessories, mixed with leather, paint, plastic, rubber, adhesive, etc. If the formaldehyde content in the car environment exceeds the standard, it will cause throat discomfort, coughing, dry eyes, tears, dizziness, and headaches.

Significance and purpose
Automotive interior textiles are mainly used for automotive seat fabrics, headrests, door trim panels, carpets, roofs and dashboard glove box covers. They are technical fabrics that combine decoration and functionality. The selection of raw materials and decorative design directly affect the comfort, beauty, safety and environmental protection of the car.

The rapid development of China's automobile industry in recent years has promoted the localization of auto parts and also driven the development of domestic automotive interior textiles. The textile fabrics for automobile interiors include imitation leather, plain weave, velvet and other varieties, pure textiles and composite materials to meet people's various needs. The toxic gases released by automobile interior decoration materials are very harmful to people. These toxic substances mainly include benzene, xylene, formaldehyde and so on. Therefore, for the health, safety and environmental protection of people, detecting toxic gases and limiting them to a certain range has become a very important task in our country.
Hazards of formaldehyde
The health hazards of formaldehyde mainly include the following aspects:
1. Irritating effect on skin and mucous membranes. Formaldehyde is a protoplasmic toxic substance that can bind to proteins and cause severe respiratory irritation and edema, eye irritation and headache when inhaled at high concentrations.
2. Sensitization: Direct contact of the skin with formaldehyde can cause allergic dermatitis, spots, necrosis, and inhalation of high concentrations of formaldehyde can induce bronchial asthma.
3. Mutagenic effect: High concentrations of formaldehyde are also a genotoxic substance. Experimental animals can cause nasopharyngeal tumors when inhaled at high concentrations in the laboratory.
5. Plant-based formaldehyde removal, plant-based air purification spraying atomized terpenoid compounds have extensive biological activity, but the traditional production method that relies on plants is one of the bottlenecks for promotion and application. Using synthetic biology strategies to create microbial "cell factories" is expected to provide advanced technology for low-cost and sustainable supply of plant-based terpenoid compounds. Tanshinone is the main fat-soluble active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Danshen, and belongs to the class of rosinane norditerpenoid compounds. The research group cooperated with the research group of Huang Luqi, a researcher at the Center for Chinese Medicine Resources of the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and constructed a yeast engineering strain that produces high-yield tanshinone synthesis precursor tanshinone diene (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134(6): 3234).

Chronic effects of formaldehyde poisoning
Long-term exposure to low-concentration formaldehyde vapor may cause symptoms such as headache and weakness. Foreign reports show that 14% to 16% of workers experience digestive disorders, excitement, tremors, and visual impairment after exposure to formaldehyde. In workshops where the formaldehyde concentration reaches 0.2-0.7mg/m3, workers who work for a long time experience loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, headache, palpitations and insomnia. It is reported that formaldehyde can also cause tactile, pain and thermal sensation disorders (sensory hypersensitivity is the most common, often limited to one side or certain parts of the body), excessive sweating on one side of the body (usually the right side), and different skin temperatures on both sides of the body. The proportion of workers who have long-term exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde and have symptoms of eye and pharyngeal irritation and chest oppression is significantly higher than that of the control group, and lung function may be affected. Some workers may experience dizziness, headache, fatigue, drowsiness, loss of appetite, weight loss, decreased vision, etc., but there have been no confirmed reports of chronic poisoning cases. Some studies suggest that individuals or people exposed to formaldehyde have an increased incidence of nasal or nasopharyngeal tumors. IARC (1995) lists formaldehyde as a possible human (nasopharyngeal) carcinogen (Group 2A).
The main manifestations are:
The formaldehyde hazards lurking around us
The formaldehyde hazards lurking around us
1. Feeling stuffy, nauseous, and even dizzy when getting up in the morning every day;
2. Someone in the family often catches a cold; and it is not easy to get better.
3. Although I don’t smoke, I often feel uncomfortable in my throat, feel a foreign body, and have difficulty breathing;
4. Children at home often cough, sneeze, and have decreased immunity;
5. People at home often have allergies and other problems, and they are group-related;
6. Family members share a disease, and after leaving this environment, the symptoms have obvious changes and improvements;
7. Newly married couples are infertile for a long time, and the cause cannot be found;
8. Pregnant women find fetal malformations under normal pregnancy conditions;
9. In a newly moved or newly renovated house, indoor plants are not easy to survive, and the leaves are easy to turn yellow and wither;
10. After moving, domestic cats, dogs and even tropical fish die inexplicably;
11. I feel sore throat and dry respiratory tract at work, but I am fine after get off work; (Formaldehyde exceeds the standard in the office)
12. Newly renovated homes and office rooms or new buyers have pungent, dazzling and other irritating odors, and the odors do not dissipate for a long time.

Detection method
1. AHMT spectrophotometry
2. Acetylacetone method
3. Chromotropic acid method (CTA method)
3. Chromotropic acid method (CTA method)
4. Phenol reagent method
5. Paracarbazine method (PRA)
6. AHMT method
7. Potassium bromate-methylene blue method
8. Silver-Ferrozine method